Kayan aiki da hanyoyin maganin zafi don sassan shaft
Material na shaft sassa
Ya kamata a yi la'akari da yanayin aiki daban-daban wajen zaɓar sassan shaft. Bugu da ƙari, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da bukatun amfani da wasu kayan, la'akari da bambancin su dangane da abun da ke ciki. A ƙarshe, yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari daidai da yin amfani da ƙayyadaddun maganin zafi daban-daban (kamar zafin jiki, daidaitawa, quenching, da dai sauransu) don samun wani ƙarfi, tauri, da juriya.
A cikin yin amfani da sassan shaft, 35, 45, 50, da sauran ingantattun ƙarfe na tsarin carbon suna da ingantattun kaddarorin inji. Gabaɗaya taurin bayan quenching da zafin jiki na iya kaiwa 220-250HBS. A daya hannun, da surface quenching taurin iya isa fiye da 50HRC. Ainihin, amfani mai faɗi na 50HRC quenching surface-quenching sananne ne.
Karfe tsarin carbon kamar Q235 da Q275 na iya zama mai kyau ga sassan shaft waɗanda ba su da mahimmanci ko tare da ƙarancin ƙarfi. Don haka, ana iya ba da maganin zafi tare da irin waɗannan ƙarfe na tsarin carbon. A wannan batun, 45 karfe shine mafi yawan kayan da aka fi sani da sassan shaft waɗanda ba su da mahimmanci. Wannan saboda kayan yana da arha.
Ana iya amfani da quenching da tempering don cimma kyakkyawan aikin yankewa. Hakanan sanannen abu ne cewa irin wannan kayan na iya samun ƙarfi mafi girma, ƙarfi, da sauran ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin injina bayan isassun filaye ga quenching. A zahiri, taurin saman zai iya kaiwa 45 ~ 52HRC bayan quenching.
Sauran Zaɓuɓɓukan Abu
A cikin yanayin da matsakaicin daidaito da buƙatun saurin sauri ake ganin ya zama dole, ana iya amfani da ƙarfe na ƙirar gami kamar 40Cr don sassan shaft. Wannan shi ne saboda irin waɗannan karafa suna da ingantattun kaddarorin inji bayan zafin jiki ko quenching. Saboda haka, alloy daidai ne a irin waɗannan lokuta.
Musamman ma, yana da sauƙi don isa 50 ~ 58HRC don ɗaukar ƙarfe GCr15 da ƙarfe na bazara 65Mn bayan zafin jiki da ƙarancin mitar ƙasa. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ana iya samun ƙera madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin lokacin da akwai isasshen taurin saman, babban juriyar gajiya, kuma mafi kyawun juriya.
Ana iya amfani da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi da kayan ƙarfe mai ƙarfi kamar QT600-3 don samar da damuwa mai rikitarwa, ƙarfi, tauri, juriya, da sauran manyan buƙatun sassa. A wannan yanayin, yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da aikin damping vibration da kuma tasirin tasiri mai kyau. Ana yin motoci, tarakta, da injunan konewa na ciki ta amfani da irin waɗannan abubuwan.
Nitride karfe 38CrMoAl za a iya amfani da daidai inji kayan aikin spindles (misali nika dabaran shafts, daidaita m spindles) na zaɓi. Bayan tempering da nitriding, wannan karfe ba zai iya samun babban taurin saman kawai ba, amma kuma yana kula da mahimmanci mai laushi. Sabili da haka, irin wannan tasirin tasirin yana da kyau ga kowane aikin injiniya.
Carburized karfe kamar 20CrMnTi, 20Mn2B, da 18CrMnTi za a iya zabar karkashin yanayin aiki na babban gudun da babban kaya.
Heat magani na shaft sassa
Gabaɗaya sassan shaft ɗin babu abin da aka saba amfani da su zagaye na katako da ƙirƙira. A gefe guda, ana amfani da simintin gyare-gyare don babba da hadaddun kamar camshafts ko crankshafts. Bayan blank ɗin ya yi zafi kuma an ƙirƙira shi, za a iya rarraba nama na fiber na cikin ƙarfe daidai gwargwado tare da saman don samun tsayi mai tsayi, lankwasa, da ƙarfi.
1) Kafin sarrafa, buƙatun ƙirƙira yana buƙatar shirya don daidaitawa ko kawar da jiyya. Dangane da wannan, ana tsaftace hatsin da ke cikin karfe. Bugu da ƙari, an kawar da damuwa na ƙirƙira kuma an rage taurin kayan. Mafi mahimmanci, an inganta aikin sarrafa yankan.
2) A cikin sha'awar samun mai kyau m inji Properties, tempering ne kullum shirya bayan m mota da kuma kafin Semi-lafiya mota.
3) Ana yin tsarin quenching na Surface kafin a gama. Saboda haka, yana yiwuwa a gyara nakasar gida da ta haifar da quenching.
4) Ana ɗaukar jiyya mai ƙarancin zafin jiki ya zama dole don shafts tare da madaidaicin buƙatun bayan quenching na gida ko m niƙa.
Dalilai Masu Muhimmanci A Maganin Zafi
Tsarin maganin zafi kuma ya bambanta saboda aikace-aikace daban-daban. A wannan yanayin, bambanci ya shafi takamaiman kayan aiki, kamar:
45 karfe, zai iya cimma taurin gida na HRC62-65, bayan quenching da jin zafi (taurin 235BHS), da kuma ƙarar ƙarar mitar gida mai zuwa. Idan kuma ana iya lura da cewa ragewa ga taurin da ake buƙata za a iya yi bayan maganin zafin da ya dace.
40Cr da sauran gami tsarin karfe iya isa 48-55HRC bayan quenching da tempering. High-mita quenching yana da high m inji Properties da surface quenching taurin na 52-60HRC. Ƙunƙarar harshen wuta; Bayan tempering, nitriding kuma za a iya yi, da kuma taurin iya isa 72 ~ 78HRA. A wannan yanayin, taurin zuciya zai iya kaiwa 43 ~ 55HRC.
Bearing karfe GCr15 da spring karfe 65Mn da sauran kayan tafi ta hanyar quenching da tempering jiyya. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen inganta ƙarfi, taurin, lalacewa, da juriya na gajiyar ƙarfe. Musamman ma, aikin da aka samu ta hanyoyi daban-daban na quenching da hanyoyin sanyaya shima zai bambanta dangane da takamaiman dalilai.
Kammalawa
Daidaita tsari da yanayin zafi gabaɗaya zafi-maganin simintin ƙarfe. Haɓaka ƙarfi, taurin, da juriya na baƙin ƙarfe na ductile ana iya samun su ta hanyar ƙaƙƙarfan quenching da tsarin zafin rai. Ƙananan ƙarfe mai ɗauke da zinare irin su 20CrMnTi suna da taurin saman ƙasa, ƙarfin tasiri da ƙarfin zuciya bayan carburizing da quenching.