Wake wacabanga ukuthi yini eyenza injini yemoto yakho isebenze kahle kakhulu? Impendulo ingase ikumangaze. Akugcinanga nje ngokuba sezingeni likaphethiloli owusebenzisayo, kodwa kuthinta nezinto ezakha injini uqobo. Enye ingxenye ebalulekile edlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwenjini i-crankshaft eyenziwe ngomgunyathi. Ngakho-ke, zibophe njengoba sihamba nawe ohambweni lokuhlola ama-crankshaft omgunyathi, inqubo yawo yokukhiqiza, izinzuzo, izinhlelo zokusebenza, inqubo yokukhetha, ukufakwa, ukunakekelwa nokucatshangelwa kwezindleko.
Izitoreji Eziyinhloko
-
Ama-crankshaft afojiwe akhethwa kunezinye izindlela zokulingisa amandla azo athuthukisiwe, ukwethembeka, nekhono lokumelana nokucindezeleka okuphezulu, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwenjini.
-
Inqubo yokubumba ihlanganisa ukwelashwa kokushisa nokuchama, okwandisa ukuqina, amandla okukhathala, nokumelana nokugqoka ama-crankshaft akhiwe, okusiza ekhonweni labo lokusingatha izimo ezicindezela kakhulu.
-
Nakuba ama-crankshaft akhiwe angase alethe izindleko eziphakeme zokuqala uma kuqhathaniswa nama-crankshafts, ukuphila kwawo okude nokusebenza kwawo kungaholela ezindlekweni eziphansi ngenxa yokuncipha kokulungisa nokushintshwa.
Ukuqonda Ama-Crankshafts Akhiwe
Enhliziyweni yayo yonke injini evuthayo yangaphakathi kukhona i-crankshaft, ingxenye eyinhloko ejikelezayo eguqula ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo kube ukunyakaza okujikelezayo. Kodwa akuwona wonke ama-crankshafts adalwe alinganayo. Ama-crankshaft akhiwe, isibonelo, abonisa amandla athuthukisiwe nokwethembeka, okuwenza ahluke kulawo akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ezinye izindlela.
Ezinjinini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ama-crankshaft omgunyathi athathwa njengesidingo esikhundleni sokuwubukhazikhazi. Izici zabo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:
-
ukuqina
-
Amandla okubekezelela izimo ezinzima
-
Amandla athuthukisiwe
-
Ukungafani
-
Ikhwalithi isiyonke
Lezi zimfanelo zenza ama-crankshaft ensimbi afojiwe abe inketho ehamba phambili yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile, uma kuqhathaniswa nesitoko sebha esiphendukile.
Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zama-Crankshafts Akhiwe
Omunye angase abuze ukuthi kungani ama-crankshaft akhiwe ebamba okuthandayo ngaphezu kwama-crankshafts asakazwayo. Hhayi-ke, impendulo ilele ekusebenzeni kwabo okuhlukahlukene kanye nezinzuzo zamandla. Ama-crankshaft akhiwe anikeza ukuqina okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokumelana okuphakeme ukuze kugqokwe ezinjinini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo babalingisi.
Amandla alezi zingxenye ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwe-ductility nokuqina okunikezwa inqubo yokubumba. Lezi zici zenza ama-crank afojiwe abe namandla kunama-crankshafts. Amandla okuqina athuthukisiwe nokusebenza okuphakeme kokukhathala kwama-crankshaft afojiwe kuwenza akwazi ukumelana nezingcindezi eziphakeme ngaphandle kokwehluleka, okunomthelela ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kwenjini.
Ukwelashwa Kokushisa kanye Nokupholisha Okuncane
Inqubo yokubumba ayigcini ekulolongeni i-crankshaft. Kubandakanya nokwelashwa kokushisa kanye ne-micro polishing. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kuthuthukisa amandla, ukuqina, nokumelana nokugqoka kwe-crankshaft. Ikhuphula ubulukhuni namandla e-crankshaft ngenkathi inciphisa ukudubeka kwayo, ithuthukisa impilo yokukhathala ye-crankshaft.
Ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa, i-crankshaft ipholisha kancane. Le nqubo icwenga ingaphezulu le-crankshaft, isuse ukungapheleli futhi ithuthukise isiphetho esingaphezulu. I-crankshaft epholishiwe encane epholishiwe inikezela ngokuqeda okuyisicaba nokushelelayo okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yonke nokusebenza kwenjini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunciphisa ukungqubuzana ngokususa ukungapheleli kwendawo, okuholela ezindaweni ezibushelelezi kanye nokugeleza okungcono kukawoyela phakathi kwe-crankshaft nama-bearings.
I-Shot Peening ukuze Kusebenze Okuthuthukisiwe
Esinye isinyathelo esibalulekile enqubweni yokubumba ukudutshulwa ukuchama. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqhumisa imidiya eyindilinga, noma “ukudubula,” endaweni yensimbi ngamandla anele ukuze kubangele ukuwohloka kwepulasitiki. Le nqubo isetshenziswa kuma-crankshaft afojiwe ukwethula ingcindezi yangaphambi kokuminyanisa futhi ithuthukise amandla okukhathala, iwenze abe amandla okushayela ekusebenzeni kwenjini.
I-shot peening iqinisa insimbi ngokwenza ama-indent amaminithi, ukunciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka futhi kuthuthukise ukuqina kwayo kukonke. Le nqubo ithuthukisa impilo ende yama-crankshaft akhiwe ngokwandisa impilo yawo yokukhathala, inciphise ukungqubuzana, futhi iqinise ukuqina kwawo kanye nokumelana nomthelela. Eqinisweni, ama-crankshaft aqoshiwe aziwa ngokusebenza kwawo okukhethekile kanye nekhwalithi ehlala isikhathi eside.
Popular Forged Crankshaft Izicelo
Ama-crankshaft akhiwe awawona nje amandla nokuqina; nazo zimayelana nokuguquguquka. Zikhethwa ezinjinini zezimoto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nasezimotweni zomjaho ngenxa yamandla azo aphakeme, ukuqina, nokumelana nokugqoka. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezimweni ezinzima zomjaho lapho yonke ingxenye iphushelwe emkhawulweni wayo.
Kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwabo akugcini nje emhlabeni wemijaho. Ama-crankshaft afojiwe nawo afaneleka ukusetshenziswa emishinini yezimboni ngenxa yesisindo sawo esikhulayo, ikhono lokuphatha imithwalo ephezulu, ukuqina okukhulu, nomthelela othuthukisiwe kanye nokungagugi. Lezi zici zizenza zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukwethembeka kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, bavame ukuqashwa kuma-crankshaft emakethe yangemuva kweleveli yokungena, ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezingxenye ze-OEM ngaphandle kokukhuphuka kwentengo okukhulu.
Ukukhetha i-Crankshaft Eyakhiwe Ngakwesokudla Yenjini Yakho
Ngemva kokuqonda umqondo wama-crankshaft akhiwe kanye nezinzuzo zawo, umbuzo ophakamayo - umuntu angakhetha kanjani okulungile enjini yakhe? Ukuhlola idumela kanye nekhwalithi ye-forging kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile. Ama-crankshaft akhiwe ahlonishwa kakhulu abakhi bezinjini ezisebenzayo ngokuvamile anikeza amandla aphakeme nokuqina uma kuqhathaniswa nama-crankshafts.
Ngalé kwesithunzi nekhwalithi, ukukhethwa kwe-crankshaft efojiwe elungile kuphinde kudingeke ukuthi kucatshangelwe ukulinganisa kwejenali eyinhloko kanye nephethini yebhawudi. Isilinganiso sejenali eyinhloko sithinta isivinini sokunyakaza phakathi kwejenali kanye ne-bearing, sibe nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwe-crank. Iphethini yebhawodi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iqinisekisa ukuthi amabhawodi abekwe ngephethini efanele kanye nebanga ukusuka enkabeni ye-crankshaft, iqinisekisa ukulingana okufanele, ukuqondanisa, kanye nokulingana kwe-crankshaft ngaphakathi kwenjini.
Ijenali Eyinhloko kanye Nezilinganiso Zesifo Sohlangothi
Ukukhethwa kwe-crankshaft engumgunyathi kuncike kakhulu kujenali eyinhloko kanye nezilinganiso ze-stroke. Lezi zilinganiso zithinta ukugqagqana ezindaweni zendilinga ezichazwe ngamadayamitha ejenali eyinhloko kanye ne-rod, ngaleyo ndlela zibe nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwe-crank. Ukuthola ibhalansi efanele phakathi kwezilinganiso zokushaywa unhlangothi, imvume, isivinini se-piston, nesilinganiso sobude benduku kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwenjini. Ukwengeza, lezi zilinganiso zinomthelela emandleni e-crankshaft, ukwakheka okusanhlamvu, nokuqina.
Ukuze ulinganise ngokunembile ijenali eyinhloko ye-crankshaft efojiwe, udinga ukususa i-crank futhi usebenzise ama-caliper ukukala ijenali/ukuphonsa ngakunye ezindaweni eziningi eduze komjikelezo wayo. Ngokulandelayo, i-snap gauge kufanele isetshenziswe ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ngaphakathi kwejenali/ukuphonswa ngakunye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukalwa okunembile kobubanzi. Idayamitha yejenali eyinhloko evamile yama-crankshaft afojiwe ngokuvamile ingaba amayintshi angu-2.560, futhi isilinganiso sohlangothi sivamise ukuba amayintshi angu-4.250, nakuba lobu bukhulu bungase buhluke kuye ngokucaciswa kwemodeli ethile yenjini.
Amaphethini we-Bolt kanye Ukuhambelana
Ekukhetheni i-crankshaft efojiwe efanelekile, amaphethini webhawodi abamba ukubaluleka okukhulu. Amaphethini we-bolt aphathelene nokucushwa kwamabhawodi asetshenziselwa ukunamathisela izingxenye ezifana ne-flange noma i-pulley. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kungase kwehluke ngokusekelwe ekwakhiweni kwenjini kanye nohlobo oluthile lwe-crankshaft. Iphethini yebhawodi inokubaluleka okukhulu njengoba iqinisekisa ukuhambisana nenduku yokuxhuma yenjini namakepisi okuthwala amakhulu, okuvumela ukufakwa nokusebenza ngendlela efanele.
Amaphethini ebhawodi atholakalayo wama-crankshaft omgunyathi afaka ukukhweza kwepuleti eliguqukayo kanye nokukhwezwa kwe-flange. Ukuze unqume iphethini yebhawodi ye-crankshaft eyenziwe ngomgunyathi, umuntu angahlola ukuhlukana kwebhawodi ku-pulley noma i-flange. Ngokuvamile, ama-crankshaft akhiwe abonisa ibhawodi elishintshile ku-pulley futhi avame ukufaka amabhawodi angu-8 ku-flywheel, ngokungafani namabhawodi angu-6 atholakala kuma-crank.
Ehamba phambili Forged Forged Crankshaft Manufacturers
Uma ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-crankshaft engumgunyathi kusengqondweni yakho, ukujwayela abanye abakhiqizi abaphezulu kuyancomeka. Emhlabeni jikelele, abakhiqizi abaphezulu bama-crankshaft akhiwe asezingeni eliphezulu afaka:
-
Inkampani engu-Lincoln Crankshaft & Machine Ltd
-
Imishini kaHubei Zhenyu Goldsense
-
ThyssenKrupp Gerlach GmbH
-
Ventana Serra do Brasil
Ikakhulukazi, i-Summit Racing™ kanye ne-Great Lakes Forge zaziwa kakhulu ngama-crankshaft akhiwe ekhwalithi ephezulu. I-Summit Racing™ isebenzisa inqubo yokubumba, ibumba i-billet yensimbi eshisayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu ukuze ikhiqize ama-crankshaft ayo akhiwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iGreat Lakes Forge, iyazihlukanisa ngokusetshenziswa kwayo amasu okuvula ukufa okuvulekile kanye nezindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokwelapha ukushisa okufana nokufaka ukuqina, i-tuftriding, kanye ne-nitriding ekukhiqizeni kwabo ama-crankshaft akhiwe.
Amathiphu Okufaka Nemikhuba Engcono Kakhulu
Ngemva kokukhetha i-crankshaft efojiwe efanelekile yenjini yakho, isinyathelo esilandelayo sihilela ukufakwa kwayo. Inqubo yokufaka ihlanganisa:
1, Ukuhlanza nokulungisa injini block
2, Ukuhlola i-NIP nokuxhumana naye emuva
3, Ukuqinisekisa imvume kawoyela
4. Ukuqinisekisa ukuntanta kokuphela (ukucindezela)
-
Ukulinganisa i-crankshaft ngokuya ngokucaciswa kwenjini ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okungenazihibe nokunciphisa ukudlidliza okulimazayo.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuqondanisa okunembile ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-crankshaft efojiwe, ama-V-blocks kanye nenkomba yokudayela kungasetshenziswa ukuhlola ubuqotho be-crankshaft futhi kusetshenziswe noma yiziphi izinguquko ezidingekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcoba kubaluleke kakhulu kukho kokubili ukufakwa nokusebenza kwama-crankshaft akhiwe. Isebenza ukupholisa ukufa ngesikhathi sokubumba futhi kusiza ukulethwa kwamafutha acindezelwe kuma-rod bearings ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ukuvimbela ukulimala nokwenza ukusebenza kahle. Ukugcoba okunganele kungaholela ekuhlulekeni okukhulu kwe-crankshaft.
Ukugcina I-Crankshaft Yakho Eyakhiwe
Inqubo idlulela ngale kokufakwa kwe-crankshaft eyenziwe ngomgunyathi noma enye izingxenye zemoto ezakhiwe. Ukunakekela okungaguquguquki kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kahle kwe-crankshaft yakho. Ukuze ulondoloze i-crankshaft eyenziwe ngomgunyathi, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kusetshenziswe uwoyela wemoto noma yimuphi uwoyela ophakathi/olula ukuze ugcobe ngemva kokushisisa ngaphambili kubhavu engilazi ukuze uvikeleke.
Ukuhlola okujwayelekile kokudlala kwe-axial kanye nokulungiswa uma kunesidingo, kanye nokuhlanza indawo nokwelashwa okufana nokuhlanza ukuqhuma nokuvula isibhamu, kuyanconywa ukuze kugcinwe i-crankshaft engumgunyathi. Izinqubo zokulungisa ezivamile, ezifana nokushintsha uwoyela ngesikhathi kanye nokuhambisana neshejuli yokulungisa enconyiwe yomkhiqizi, kungandisa ngokuphawulekayo ubude bempilo ka-crankshaft efojiwe.
Ukucatshangelwa Kwezindleko: I-Forged vs. Cast Crankshafts
Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo ezicacile zama-crankshafts omgunyathi, izindleko nazo zidinga ukucatshangelwa. Izindleko ezijwayelekile ze-crankshaft engumgunyathi zingahluka kusukela ku-$200 kuya ku-$3,000, kuyilapho izindleko ezivamile ze-crankshaft ekhonjiwe zisukela ku-$10 kuya ku-$250, ngamamodeli athile anenani elilinganiselwa ku-$349. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ama-crankshaft omgunyathi ngokuvamile afaka izindleko eziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nama-crankshafts.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba izindleko zokuqala zama-crankshafts ziphansi kakhulu, izindleko zokunakekela zingashintsha. Izindleko zokulungisa noma zokushintshwa zingafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa zamadola, ezihlanganisa zombili izingxenye nomsebenzi. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukucatshangelwa izindleko zesikhathi eside lapho ukhetha phakathi kwe-crankshaft eyakhiwe kanye ne-cast cast.
Isifinyezo
Sengiphetha, ama-crankshaft akhiwe anikeza inqwaba yezinzuzo ngaphezu kozakwabo abalingisi, okuhlanganisa amandla aphakeme, ukuqina, nokumelana nokugqokwa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ushayela imoto esebenza kahle kakhulu noma usebenzisa imishini yezimboni ezisindayo, i-crankshaft eyenziwe ngomgunyathi ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenjini yakho. Nakuba izindleko zokuqala zingase zibe phezulu, uma kucatshangelwa izindleko zesikhathi eside zokunakekela nokulungisa, ukutshalwa kwezimali ku-crankshaft engumgunyathi kungakhokha. Pho kungani ulinda? Thatha ukusebenza kwenjini yakho ukuyise kwelinye izinga nge-crankshaft engumgunyathi.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Ingabe i-crankshaft eyenziwe ngomgunyathi ingcono?
Yebo, i-crankshaft eyenziwe ngomgunyathi ingcono ngoba ivamise ukuba namandla futhi ihlala isikhathi eside ngenxa yesakhiwo sokusanhlamvu esiqondanisiwe, sithuthukisa amandla ayo.
Yibuphi ububi bomgunyathi i-crankshaft?
Ububi obuyinhloko be-crankshaft engumgunyathi imfuneko yokwelapha ukushisa ngemva komshini ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga eziqinisa umsebenzi. Lokhu kwengeza isinyathelo esengeziwe enqubweni yokukhiqiza.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-forged ne-billet i-crankshaft?
Ama-crankshaft akhiwe ngokuvamile abhekwa kangcono kunama-billet crankshafts. I-Forging inikeza ukugeleza okusanhlamvu okubushelelezi namandla aphakeme, kuyilapho ama-billet crankshafts anesakhiwo sokusanhlamvu esingaqhubeki futhi maningi amathuba okuthi aqhekeke.
I-crankshaft yenziwa kanjani?
Ama-crankshaft ngokuvamile enziwa ngokufoja noma ngokufoja insimbi, noma ukuphonswa kwensimbi. Le nqubo iqinisekisa amandla adingekayo kanye nokuqina kwempahla.
Kungani kuthandwa ama-crankshaft akhiwe ezinjinini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu?
Ama-crankshaft afojiwe akhethwa ezinjinini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ngenxa yokuqina kwawo okuphakeme nokukwazi ukumelana nezimo ezinzima.