Ubuchwepheshe Be-Extrusion obufudumele Nokucutshungulwa Kwangaphandle
Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza i-extrusion efudumele ubuchwepheshe obusha bokwenza insimbi ngama-chips ambalwa. Ihlukile ku-extrusion ebandayo futhi eshisayo kulokho okungenalutho kuyashiswa ngaphambi kokukhishwa, kodwa izinga lokushisa layo lokushisa liyizinga lokushisa elingaphezu kwegumbi nangaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphelele le-recrystallization. Ngokuyisisekelo kububanzi bokushisa be-deformation engaphelele ebandayo kanye ne-thermal deformation engaphelele yensimbi. Enqubweni yokwakha insimbi-yepulasitiki kanye nokukhiqizwa, ubuchwepheshe bokwenza i-extrusion efudumele buzoxazulula inkinga yokwakhiwa kwepulasitiki yezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene futhi kuhlangabezane nenkinga yokugcwalisa ubujamo obuyinkimbinkimbi bokubumba.
I-CXIN Forging inamathani angu-630 womugqa wokukhiqiza we-extrusion ofudumele. Ulayini ungacubungula ngaphansi kwe-5 kg ye-aluminium alloy nemikhiqizo yensimbi ye-carbon. Ulayini wokukhiqiza ungabuye uhlanganiswe nokubumba okubandayo ukwenza ama-pistons, amasilinda, ama-wrenches, izindandatho ezithwele, amagobolondo ewashi, amakhanda ahlangene ahlangene, ama-axle angemuva, ama-micro motor housings, izingxenye zemikhono yendandatho ye-turbine injini, namantongomane esondo lemoto, njll. .
Izinzuzo Of Warm Extrusion Inqubo
Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo ye-extrusion ebandayo neshisayo, inqubo ye-extrusion efudumele inezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
(1) Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwepulasitiki ye-extrusion efudumele, ukumelana ne-deformation ye-blank kuncane kunaleyo ye-extrusion ebandayo. Ukwakhiwa kwensimbi-yepulasitiki kulula kunokukhipha okubandayo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela i-tonnage encane yokucindezela iyadingeka.
(2) Ukunemba kwe-dimensional kanye nobukhulu obungaphezulu bezingxenye ezifudumele ezikhishiwe zingcono kunekhwalithi yama-forging akhishiwe ashisayo. Izakhiwo zemishini zilingana nezingxenye ezibandayo ezikhishwe.
(3) Ngeke kube nesidingo sokwenza inqubo yokuthambisa i-annealing ngaphambi noma phakathi kwezinqubo zokufudumala ezifudumele. Lokhu akunciphisi kuphela inani lezinqubo kodwa futhi kudala izimo ezivumayo zokukhiqiza okuqhubekayo okuzenzakalelayo.
(4) Ukwakhiwa kwepulasitiki ye-extrusion efudumele kungathatha inqubo yokukhipha ngokushintshashintsha okwandisiwe, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwakha izingxenye ezimise okukhethekile ezingezona i-axisymmetric. Lokhu kwandisa kakhulu ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwalobu buchwepheshe bokwakha.
Ukungalungi Kwenqubo Ye-Extrusion Efudumele
(1) Ngezinto ezithile zomkhiqizo, ukushisa kwe-deformation ye-extrusion plastic form forming kunzima ukuyilawula. Izinga lokushisa lingaba phezulu kakhulu lize lidlule izinga lokushisa lecrystallization. Lokhu kuzothinta izici zemishini zomkhiqizo. Izinga lokushisa lingase libe phansi kakhulu, futhi lokhu kuzothinta ukubunjwa. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi lizophinda linyuse amandla okukhipha adingekayo.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lapho uklama inqubo ye-extrusion efudumele, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokushisa kusengaphambili. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa elifanele le-extrusion elifudumele lingakhethwa ngokunembile.
(2) Ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu ekushiseni okufudumele kwe-extrusion yezinto ezihlukahlukene, okokugcoba okufudumele okusebenzayo akukaxazululwa ngokuphelele kuze kube manje. Lokhu kuthinte ukugqugquzelwa okunamandla kobuchwepheshe bokwenza ipulasitiki efudumele ye-extrusion.
(3) Ekukhiqizeni nasekucubunguleni i-extrusion efudumele, akukho sikhunta esilungele ukukhishwa okufudumele okwenziwe. Lokhu kungenxa yobubanzi bezinto zokwakha kanye nohlu lwazo olubanzi lwamazinga okushisa okwenza i-extrusion afudumele. Lona omunye umkhawulo othinta ipulasitiki yokwamukelwa kwe-extrusion efudumele kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe.
Ukukhethwa Kwezinga Lokushisa Kwenqubo Ye-Extrusion Efudumele
(1) Izinga lokushisa elifudumele le-extrusion yezinsimbi ezisansimbi
①10, 15, 20, 35, 40, 45, 50 insimbi nensimbi ye-carbon nensimbi yesakhiwo enengxubevange ephansi, efana no-40Cr, 45Cr, 30CrMnSi, 12CrNi3, njll., 650℃～800℃ ngesikhathi sokucindezela okufudumele nokushisa 500 ℃ ~ 800 ℃ uma kuyi-extrusion efudumele emshinini wokunyathelisa we-hydraulic. Uma insimbi engu-15# ikhishwa kahle esando esinesivinini esikhulu esinesivinini esimangalisayo esingu-20m/s, izinga lokushisa elifudumele lingaba ngu-400℃.
②Izinga lokushisa elifudumele le-extrusion elingu-35CrA, 42CrMoA nezinye izinsimbi zesakhiwo se-alloy ezicishiwe neziqinile ngu-600℃～800℃.
(2) Izinga lokushisa elifudumele le-extrusion yezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi nama-alloys azo
① Izinga lokushisa elifudumele le-aluminium ne-aluminium alloy lingu-≤250℃.
② Izinga lokushisa elifudumele le-extrusion yethusi ne-alloy yethusi ngu-≤350℃.
③ Izinga lokushisa elifudumele le-extrusion lethusi lomthofu i-HPb59-1 lingu-300℃～400℃ noma cishe ngu-680℃.
④ Izinga lokushisa elifudumele le-extrusion le-magnesium ne-magnesium alloy lingu-175℃～390℃.
Uhla Lokusebenza Lwenqubo Yokuphuma Okufudumele
I-extrusion efudumele inezinzuzo ze-extrusion ebandayo futhi eshisayo, enqoba ukushiyeka kokubili kwezinqubo ezibandayo nezishisayo ze-extrusion. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa kabanzi ukukhiqiza izinsimbi, amagiya, imizimba yama-valve, amapistoni, amasilinda, ama-wrenches, amasongo okuthwala, namakesi wewashi. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukukhiqizwa kwamakhanda ahlangene emhlabeni wonke, ama-axle angemuva, izindlu zezimoto ezincane, izingxenye zensimbi ye-turbine, amantongomane amathayi ezimoto nezinye izingxenye eziningi ezifojiwe.
Lezi zingxenye ekuqaleni zakhiqizwa i-extrusion eshisayo, i-extrusion ebandayo kanye ne-forging ebandayo noma imishini. Ukukhiqizwa kwangempela kufakazela ukuthi izinzuzo ezinhle zezobuchwepheshe nezomnotho zifinyelelwe ngemva kokwamukela inqubo yokufudumala efudumele. Kwezinye izimo, i-extrusion efudumele ihlanganiswa nanoma iyiphi yalezi zinqubo ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezisohlwini.
Ukubumba Okuhlanganisiwe Okubandayo/Okufudumalayo
Ezingxenyeni zensimbi ezinamandla aphezulu kanye ne-ultra-high amandla ensimbi enamandla aphezulu kanye nepulasitiki ephansi, kanye nezingxenye ezinkulu ezinomumo oyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu, inqubo yokubumba ehlanganisiwe ye-billet yokubumba efudumele kanye nokwakheka okunemba okubandayo kuyindlela efanelekile yokucubungula. . Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo evamile yokubumba ebandayo noma efudumele, inalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
(1) Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kancane.
(2) Izinga eliphezulu lokusebenzisa izinto.
(3) Ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu.
Inqubo yokwenza i-billet yokubumba efudumele ishisiswe ebangeni lokushisa eliphansi, futhi izici zomshini ze-billet ngemva kokwakhiwa zingcono kunesimo sokuthungatha. Ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-spherospheric annealing kanye nokugcotshwa kwendawo, i-billet ingenziwa ngokunembile ngokufoja okubandayo, futhi ukubumba okunembayo kungatholakala. Ngenxa yenqubo encane, inqubo yokukhiqiza emfushane, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu kakhulu.